4/29/2024 0 Comments Red purple pinpoint spots skin![]() Petechiae result from the leakage of blood from tiny blood vessels called capillaries into the surrounding tissues. ![]() This comprehensive article explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for petechiae, providing valuable information for understanding and managing this skin manifestation. They are often caused by bleeding under the skin due to various underlying conditions. Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.Petechiae are small, flat, pinpoint-sized red or purple spots that appear on the skin or mucous membranes. These treatments have greatly improved the outlook of the disorder. Treatments for TTP include infusions of fresh frozen plasma and plasma exchange, also called plasmapheresis (PLAZ-ma-feh-RE-sis). Many people who have inherited TTP have frequent flareups that need to be treated. Relapses (or flareups) can occur in up to 60 percent of people who have the acquired type of TTP. TTP usually occurs suddenly and lasts for days or weeks, but it can continue for months. It can be fatal or cause lasting damage, such as brain damage or a stroke, if it's not treated right away. Although some researchers think TTP and HUS are two forms of a single syndrome, recent evidence suggests that each has different causes. Kidney problems also tend to be worse in HUS. HUS, or hemolytic-uremic syndrome, is a disorder that resembles TTP, but is more common in children. If you have TTP, you may sometimes hear it referred to as TTP–HUS. Quinine, which is a substance often found in tonic water and nutritional health products.Some medicines, such as chemotherapy, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, cyclosporine A, and hormone therapy and estrogens.Some medical procedures, such as surgery and blood and marrow stem cell transplant.Some diseases and conditions, such as pregnancy, cancer, HIV, lupus, and infections.It's not clear what triggers inherited and acquired TTP, but some factors may play a role. Instead, the body makes antibodies (proteins) that block the activity of the ADAMTS13 enzyme. In acquired TTP, the ADAMTS13 gene isn't faulty. This type of TTP mostly occurs in adults, but it can affect children. "Acquired" means you aren't born with the disorder, but you develop it. As a result, enzyme activity is lacking or changed.Īcquired TTP is the more common type of the disorder. In inherited TTP, the ADAMTS13 gene is faulty and doesn't prompt the body to make a normal ADAMTS13 enzyme. This type of TTP mainly affects newborns and children. "Inherited" means the condition is passed from parents to children through genes. The two main types of TTP are inherited and acquired. Types of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura The enzyme breaks up a large protein called von Willebrand factor that clumps together with platelets to form blood clots. The ADAMTS13 gene controls the enzyme, which is involved in blood clotting. Anemia is a condition in which the body has a lower than normal number of red blood cells.Ī lack of activity in the ADAMTS13 enzyme (a type of protein in the blood) causes TTP. This leads to hemolytic anemia (HEE-moh-lit-ick uh-NEE-me-uh)-a rare form of anemia. TTP also can cause red blood cells to break apart faster than the body can replace them. Bleeding under the skin causes the purple, brown, and red color of the purpura and petechiae. The photograph shows purpura (bruises) and petechiae (red and purple dots) on the skin. These pinpoint-sized dots are called petechiae (peh-TEE-kee-ay). "Purpura" (PURR-purr-ah) refers to purple bruises caused by bleeding under the skin.īleeding under the skin also can cause tiny red or purple dots on the skin. "Thrombocytopenic" (throm-bo-cy-toe-PEE-nick) means the blood has a lower than normal number of platelets. "Thrombotic" (throm-BOT-ik) refers to the blood clots that form. When cut or injured, they also may bleed longer than normal. People who have TTP may bleed inside their bodies, underneath the skin, or from the surface of the skin. With fewer platelets available in the blood, bleeding problems can occur. These cell fragments stick together to seal small cuts and breaks on blood vessel walls and stop bleeding. Platelets are blood cell fragments that help form blood clots. The increased clotting that occurs in TTP also uses up platelets (PLATE-lets) in the blood. As a result, serious health problems can develop. The clots can limit or block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body's organs, such as the brain, kidneys, and heart. In TTP, blood clots form in small blood vessels throughout the body. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare blood disorder.
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